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Nuclear One Shot - An unarmed Trident II D5 missile is launched from the Ohio-class ballistic missile submarine USS Nebraska (SSBN 739) off the coast of California on March 26, 2008.

The White House's 2021 budget calls for US$28.9 billion for the Pentagon for nuclear weapons and a 20 percent increase to $19.8 billion for the National Nuclear Security Administration.

Nuclear One Shot

And my research shows that the US can only safely use a fraction of it without killing Americans with an unintended adverse series of cascading environmental effects.

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My models and others model soot burning cities after several nuclear explosions causing a significant drop in global temperatures and preventing sunlight from reaching the Earth's surface.

This leads to a decline in rainfall, increased ultraviolet radiation due to a severely damaged atmosphere, and a decline in supply chains and food production.

A study by my colleague, David Denkenberger, and I shows how much damage a nuclear attack using a variety of nuclear weapons can do to an aggressor nation.

Atomic bombing in Harold Edgerton's film. Using his Rapatronic camera, Edgerton positioned himself more than seven miles from the bomb launch site and was able to photograph the initial stages of the bomb in ten millionths of a second. (National Museum of American History)

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You've probably heard of "Core Winter." When multiple nuclear weapons attacks set cities on fire, sending huge amounts of smoke into the upper atmosphere and blocking sunlight for years. The resulting agricultural loss would cause massive global famine.

The science behind nuclear winter influenced Russian President Mikhail Gorbachev and US President Ronald Reagan to end the Cold War and begin nuclear disarmament.

Agricultural losses from the lesser-known "nuclear autumn" — that is, small amounts of smoke — could drop 10 percent to 20 percent of global agriculture. This is enough to cause widespread food shortages, which continue to starve millions of people.

Each nation willing to use its nuclear weapons must decide whether it has the capacity to survive its own production problems. Nations with nuclear weapons subscribe to the concept of nuclear deterrence – the idea that more nuclear firepower can intimidate and make other countries think twice before going to war.

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My colleague and I wanted to know: How many nuclear weapons can a country use against an enemy without causing nuclear fallout and killing its own people?

Staff Sgt. 5th Air Force B-26 Gunner Robert M. Gongos of Cleveland, Ohio, presents a package of candy to a small Japanese orphan at the Hiroshima Catholic Orphanage. Sergeant Correa, a veteran of 55 combat missions on the Gongos and other 3rd Bomb Wing B-26 crews visited the city on August 6, 1951 to commemorate the 6th anniversary of the atomic bombing. Today, to express the good will between the United States and Japan, one of the 3rd Bomb Wing's night attack B-26 bombers dropped two memorial wreaths on the Chamber of Commerce and Industry building, the epicenter of the nuclear explosion. The city is six. Years ago. (National Records)

First, we determined how many nuclear weapons would be sufficient to provide significant deterrence to a "worst-case" enemy—the most populous target nation. We have seen the threat posed by many different countries, from countries like India or Pakistan with about 100 weapons to Russia with about 7,000 weapons.

We estimate that if 100 nuclear weapons hit China's most populous cities, the initial explosions would kill more than 30 million people. It kills more of the population than serious epidemics, destroys China's economy, and certainly destabilizes its political system.

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It is even worse for any small country - providing enough of a deterrent to prevent any other nations from invading.

Next we looked at the effect on nuclear attackers. We optimistically predicted no accidents; Whether 100, 1,000 or 7,000, all nukes hit their targets; And no revenge of any kind.

We built a model of combustible material in cities: how much would burn up in a nuclear attack, how much would turn into smoke, how much smoke would make it into the upper atmosphere.

We then used the results of climate and crop simulations to predict the impact on food supply. Finally, we linked it with food storage to predict how many people would go hungry.

Aerial Top View Of Abandoned And Ruined Nuclear Power Plant. Large Industrial Construction With Round Tower Of Atomic Reactor, Post Apocalypse And World War Concept, Drone Shot. Stock Photo, Picture And Royalty Free

Our results showed that no Americans would die in the US scenario of using 100 weapons. The US is blessed with a large amount of agricultural land relative to its population, so the country is resilient to industrial loss and mild nuclear fallout if Americans work together and share resources.

If Americans use 1,000 nuclear warheads against the enemy and no one retaliates, the US will see about 140,000 Americans die from the burning of cities in other countries, causing an environmental disaster at home due to reduced food production.

If the US tries to expand our stockpile, as recently proposed, and then uses 7,000 nuclear weapons, even if everything goes our way, at least 5 million Americans will starve.

This analysis seriously underestimates the number of Americans who died, because we assume extreme rationing is the best way to keep more people alive when there is this level of food shortage without alternative food.

Dc Nuclear Winter Special One Shot

Two Marine infantrymen silhouetted against the sky at a machine gun emplacement during an early morning A-bomb explosion at Yucca Flat, Nevada, September 18, 1947. (National Records)

Compared to other nations, if the US used its entire current nuclear arsenal, the best-case scenario would be to survive a nuclear fallout—a loss to industry and a 10 percent food shortage. Other countries are far worse.

If a country with few weapons, such as North Korea or Israel, launches relatively few nuclear weapons and causes nuclear fallout and is not hit or retaliated against in return, they will harm themselves. Our model shows that they lose 60 percent and 80 percent of their population, respectively.

Even if China is pushing missiles, it is expected to lose 70 percent of its population in a nuclear fallout.

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Overall, we find that limiting America's arsenal to 100 nuclear weapons still provides nuclear deterrence but avoids the worst consequences of nuclear fallout.

It is clear that by cutting nuclear weapons, the US would actually save money in making a safer decision.

Dr. Joshua M. at Michigan Technological University. Pierce is the Richard Witte Endowed Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, a professor of electrical and computer engineering, and a faculty advisor on the open source hardware enterprise. He is a renowned expert in the electronic device physics of photovoltaic materials and photovoltaic solar cells; solar energy systems and distributed generation; green engineering; open source hardware; 3-D printing, Reprap (self-replicating rapid prototyping); distributed generation; and scientific hardware. Their views do not necessarily represent those of The Navy Times or its staff.

Tags: nuclear winter nuclear war nuclear bomb joshua m. Pierce Michigan Technological University National Nuclear Security Administration David Denkenberger Nuclear Autumn

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A future naval destroyer will bear the Medal of Honor recipient's name. Navy Secretary Carlos Del Toro announced that the destroyer Arleigh Burke will be named after retired Navy Captain Thomas Gunning Kelly.

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Ukraine building faces deadliest civilian attack in months Rescue workers in Ukraine scramble to pull survivors from an apartment building hit by a Russian missile in the southeastern city of Dnipro.

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The VA will pay for all emergency mental health care starting next week. The policy covers costs for care in the VA health care system and for emergency visits in the private sector. In short, an entire salvo from an Ohio-class submarine—launched in less than a minute—could unleash 192 nuclear warheads to wipe twenty-four cities off the map. It is a nightmare weapon of the apocalypse.

Depicts a monster awakened from the depths of the sea to wreak havoc on Japanese cities. However, a giant was a fire-breathing reptile

The deadliest of the true kaiju roaming the oceans today are the fourteen Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines, which carry half of the United States' nuclear arsenal.

If you do the math, the Ohio-class boats may be the most destructive weapons system ever created by mankind. Each of the 170-meter-long ships can carry twenty-four Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), which, depending on the payload, can be fired from underwater to hit targets more than seven thousand miles away.

Tokyo Electric Power (tepco) Co.'s Crippled Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant No. 3 Reactor In Fukushima Prefecture, Northern Japan Is Seen In This Still Image Taken From A Video Shot By An

As the Trident II re-enters the atmosphere at a speed of Mach 24, it splits into eight independent re-entry vehicles, each carrying 100- or 475-kiloton nuclear warheads. In short, a full salvo from an Ohio-class submarine—which could be launched in less than a minute—could unleash 192 nuclear warheads to destroy twenty-four cities.

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