Nukes In India - Hans Christensen and Matt Korda of the Nuclear Information Project of the Federation of American Scientists said: "It is estimated that India produces enough military-grade plutonium for 150 to 200 nuclear warheads, but very few, perhaps only 130 to 140, have been produced." "Nevertheless. Additional plutonium will be needed to produce the warheads for the missiles currently being developed, and India is reportedly building several new plutonium production facilities.”
In addition, "India continues to modernize its nuclear arsenal, with at least five new weapons systems currently under development to complement or replace existing nuclear-capable aircraft, land-based delivery systems, and naval systems."
Nukes In India
Unlike the missile-centric US and Russian nuclear forces, India still relies heavily on bombers, perhaps unsurprisingly for a country that deployed its first nuclear-capable ballistic missile in 2003. Christensen and Korda estimate that India maintains 3-4 squadrons of cold nuclear strikes against Pakistan and China, against older French Mirage 2000H and Jaguar IS/IB aircraft.
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"Despite modernization, the original nuclear-powered bombers are aging and India may look for a modern fighter-bomber that can take on air-to-air nuclear strike missions in the future," the report said. India is buying 36 nuclear bombers. service in France French Rafale fighter jets, it is probably possible for India.
India's nuclear missile force is only 15 years old, but it already has four types of land-based ballistic missiles: the short-range Prithvi-II and Agni-I, the medium-range Agni-II and the medium-range Agni-III. Two longer. "Agni long-range missiles are under development, Agni-IV and Agni-V," the report said. "It remains to be seen how many of these types of missiles India plans to fully develop and maintain. Some may be planned as a program to develop long-range missile technology."
"While the Indian government has not made any announcements regarding the future size or composition of its land-based missile force, short and redundant missile types are likely to be phased out, and only medium and long-range missiles will be deployed. in the future, provide short-range and multiple-hit options for targeting long-range targets.
India is also developing the Nirbhay land-based cruise missile, similar to the US Tomahawk. In addition, there are "Danush" sea-based short-range ballistic missiles, which are launched by two specially configured patrol ships. Reports estimate that India is building three or four nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines armed with a short-range missile or a larger missile with a range of 2,000 miles.
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It's an ambitious plan. "The administration appears to be planning to deploy various missile forces that are costly to maintain and operate," the report said.
It remains to be seen what the command and control system will be to ensure that those missiles are fired when, and only when, they are supposed to be fired. Of course, since Pakistan and China also have nuclear weapons, Indian leaders may find that increasing nuclear weapons will only lead to an arms race, paradoxically making their country less safe. Should India be concerned that it has fewer nuclear warheads than its neighbors Pakistan and China? , recently discussed topics?
India has strengthened its nuclear triad of nuclear-armed strike aircraft, land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), and now has a strong nuclear deterrent capability.
"Such [a triad] substantially increases the deterrence potential of a country's nuclear forces," wrote Capts Ajay Lele (retd) and Parveen Bhardwaj of the Institute for Defense Research and Analysis (IDSA), a New Delhi-based think tank.
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Given that a single megaton warhead can destroy an area of almost 210 square kilometers, roughly three times the size of South Mumbai, it is largely irrelevant that Pakistan has 10 more warheads than India or China with 140, as the US- It reveals data released by the government. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, an American advocacy group that monitors global nuclear arsenals.
This is largely because nuclear weapons are weapons of mass destruction used primarily for intimidation and deterrence, and usually end in a strategic confrontation between nuclear-weapon states.
Nuclear weapons have only been used in combat twice, when they were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 69 years ago, and have not been used since.
The well-known capability of "mutually assured destruction" or MAD also prevented their use on the subcontinent.
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India's nuclear strike capability is strong as it has many attack aircraft such as the nuclear-capable British and French Jaguar, the French Dassault Mirage 2000 and the Russian Sukhoi 30 MKI (which are being upgraded to carry nuclear-tipped supersonic BrahMos missiles).
Its land-based ballistic missiles include the Agni V, which has a range of 5,000 kilometers, meaning it can cover all of China. According to the report, the Agni-V can be launched from a mobile vehicle or a special rail car, so it can remain hidden and move at will.
The third component of the trinity is under development, a nuclear-powered Arihant-class submarine capable of launching the K-15 Sagarika ballistic missile with a range of 700 kilometers and the K-4 ballistic missile with a range of 3,000 kilometers.
It said India would use nuclear weapons "in response to a nuclear attack on Indian territory or against Indian forces anywhere". Retaliatory actions "would be massive and designed to cause impermissible harm," the report said.
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India also announced that it will not use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon states. According to the draft nuclear doctrine, India needs "adequate, viable and operationally ready nuclear forces".
Together with the concepts of "first use" and "against non-nuclear weapon states", this clearly shows that India intends its nuclear weapons as a deterrent for defensive purposes only and not as a threat. others," wrote Satish Chandra, the former national security advisor.
The world first witnessed the destructive power of nuclear weapons in 1945 when the US bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing an estimated 2,00,000 people. The event was a reference point for the debate on the political nature of nuclear weapons.
Under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, India pursued a policy of aversion to nuclear weapons technology. However, India is aggressively pursuing its nuclear power program with the help of the US and Canada.
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The Sino-Indian War of 1962 and China's decision to conduct a nuclear test in 1964 led Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri to ironically endorse a theoretical framework known as Underground Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes (SNEPP).
On May 18, 1974, when Indira Gandhi was Prime Minister, SNEPP culminated in Pokhran I, India's first "peaceful" nuclear explosion.
Although the magnitude of the test has been a matter of debate among academics, the test demonstrated India's ability to weaponize nuclear technology.
According to the Federation of American Scientists, the plutonium used in the device came from the Canada-India-US research reactor (the heavy water for the reactor came from the US).
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This led to international sanctions against India, which seriously hampered India's nuclear weapons program. More importantly, this event led to the creation of the Nuclear Suppliers Group.
After a gap of 24 years, India conducted five nuclear weapons tests in May 1998 when Atal Behari Vajpayee was Prime Minister. After these tests, North Korea announced a moratorium on further nuclear tests.
“Like this story?.org is a nonprofit organization, and we rely on readers like you to fuel our public interest journalism. Donate 500 rupees, 1000 rupees; 2000 rupees”. This 2013 -5 rockets are displayed during the Republic Day parade in New Delhi in this Sept. 26 photo [Image: Manish Swarup/AP Photo]
India has test-fired a nuclear-capable intercontinental ballistic missile with a range of 5,000 kilometers (3,125 miles) from an island off its east coast amid rising tensions on its border with China.
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A government statement said Wednesday's successful launch was in line with "India's policy of having a credible minimum deterrent to protect a no-first-use commitment".
A statement late on Wednesday said the Agni-5 missile had landed in the Bay of Bengal with "very high precision".
Beijing's formidable missile arsenal has forced New Delhi to upgrade its weapons systems in recent years, and the Agni-5 is believed to be capable of hitting almost all of China.
India already has the ability to strike anywhere in neighboring Pakistan, and since gaining independence from British colonial rule in 1947, it has fought three wars with arch-rival Pakistan.
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Since the 1990s, India has been developing nuclear and non-nuclear nuclear and long-range missile systems to significantly enhance the country's defense capabilities in the face of growing strategic competition with China.
Tensions between them arose last year over a long-disputed stretch in the mountains of Ladakh.
Talks between Indian and Chinese army chiefs over the withdrawal of troops from key areas of the border broke down earlier this month, failing to ease a 17-month standoff that has sometimes led to deadly clashes.
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